نشریه مطالعات برنامه ریزی قلمرو کوچ نشینان
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Introduction:

 Due to its special geographical location, Iran is one of the most important nomadic regions in the world. As the cultural manifestations of the nomads have penetrated in all aspects of this country and it is a land that is familiar with nomads and despite the decrease in their number and share of population compared to urban and rural monogamous population throughout history, nomads are still the third most important community. They are considered alongside urban and rural communities.

Purpose of the research:

Considering the geographical distribution of nomads in Iran and the need to determine the area of this community with a special method of activity and conducting specialized research and studies, the purpose of this study is to determine the area of Iranian nomads based on available sources and census results of nomadic tribes in 1987. 1998 and 2008.

Due to the review nature of the research, using the method of collecting data and information in a documentary-library method and the author's scientific experiences, the descriptive-applied research method to determine the area of nomads on a regional scale and political-national divisions Used. Geographical area of research The geographical area of the present study is based on the results of the census of nomadic tribes with more than eight thousand years of history in Iran, which are distributed in all provinces of the country in the form of the whole tribal area or part of it.

Results and discussion:

 Distribution of urban and rural population in tribal areas and the links and relations of these three communities in nomadic tribal areas and summer, winter and basaltic areas and the emergence of problems and issues in tribal areas, requires various research, problem-oriented and specialized Are different in the realm of nomads and the effects and consequences of life and the connection between nomadic, rural and urban communities.

Conclusion:

 Nomads from the total area of ​​Iran in an area of ​​963 thousand square kilometers, equivalent to 59% of the country's area are scattered and most of the nomadic territories have a common living space with rural and urban communities and the distribution of nomads in 29 provinces , 254 cities out of a total of 30 provinces and 368 cities with 93 and 69% in the form of 104 tribes and 524 independent tribes with 1.7% of the population, respectively, based on the results of the 2008 census of nomadic tribes confirms this.

Introduction:

 Indigenous knowledge as a storehouse of nomadic knowledge has techniques that can be used to facilitate the acquisition of new techniques and be effective in the realization of sustainable production activities, which justifies the forthcoming research. Indigenous knowledge based on experience has been tested and applied over the centuries; Compatible with indigenous environment and culture; It is dynamic and changing, which is why in recent decades the use of indigenous knowledge in development programs has increased worldwide.

Purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this article is to study the indigenous knowledge of traditional ranchers in the territory of Semnan province, especially Sangsari and Elikai tribes, with a special focus on "lamb" breeding. In this study, the question has been answered that in traditional animal husbandry, what techniques have been common in the field of production, maintenance and exploitation of lambs.

The research data was collected by ethnographic method and interpreted using anthropological techniques. Geographical area of research: The statistical population of the study consists of the tribes and clans of "Nimeh Kochro" and "Rame Gardan" of Semnan province.

Utilizing the experience and accumulation of knowledge of a society, which is very costly due to the requirements of acquiring new technological knowledge. And lead productions and encourage and stimulate technological innovation. This is followed by branding and technological innovation, the issue of intellectual property, which can ultimately lead to investment trends and productive capital attraction.

There is a great potential in the indigenous knowledge of nomadic tribes and shepherds of the region, and it is worthwhile to use these resources of knowledge without arrogance in the development of productive activities as a foundation and starting point for scientific developments and society to benefit from its benefits. The reserves of knowledge without arrogance should be used in the development of productive activities as a foundation and starting point for scientific developments and the society should benefit from its gifts.

Introduction :

Rapid population growth and limited production resources, especially in the agricultural sector, have made the issue of food security one of the challenges in the world. One of the main goals of sustainable development is to end hunger, achieve food security and develop sustainable agriculture. But predictions indicate that this goal will be difficult to achieve. Thus, world hunger is increasing and the lives of many people are directly and indirectly dependent on agriculture.

Purpose of the research: 

one of the basic approaches to agricultural development and food needs is to increase the yield and productivity of agricultural products for this reason, the present study was conducted with the aim of analysis patterns and spatial and temporal changes in cereal yield (wheat and barley) in Iran during a 35-year period from 1983 to 2018.

This study is an applied research and methodologically descriptive-analytical. Data and information were collected in a library method. Gi statistic or hot spot analysis used to discover the spatial pattern of cereal production (wheat and barley) and to identify its focal points. Arc GIS software was used to analyze the data.

Geographical area of research: 

The study area in this study includes the entire political and geographical area of Iran except open waters. In the present study, three levels of national (Iran), provincial (31 provinces) and counties (429 counties) have been analyzed for spatial and temporal changes in cereal yield.

Findings and Discussion During the study period, Isfahan province had the highest decrease in wheat yield and Khorasan Razavi province had the highest increase in wheat yield. In barley, some provinces such as Mazandaran, Fars, Kerman and Bushehr had the highest decrease in yield and Khorasan Razavi province had the highest increase in barley yield.

The results of research at the national and provincial levels show an increase in cereal yield during the study period. Also, spatial analysis at the county level shows the formation of a cluster pattern with a concentrate on high cereal yields in some plain areas of Iran

From the distant past, in general, three nomadic, rural and urban lifestyles have been common in our country, among which the nomadic lifestyle has changed more than the other two lifestyles. One of the important factors of this change in recent decades is the implementation of planned nomadic settlement plans.

Purpose of the research:

 The main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic and social status of nomadic households (Farsi-Madan gens) housed in Goodgap Housing Center (located in Arjan section of Shiraz city) and the consequences of implementing a guided housing project.

Library and field methods have been used to collect information. In the field method, in addition to the questionnaire, observation and interview were also conducted. The statistical population of the study includes 350 households. The Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size and the number of samples obtained was 180 households. The data collected through a questionnaire were divided into specific topics and classified, analyzed and analyzed using SPSS software. Data analysis has been done in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. In order to review and describe the data, the methods available in descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, frequency percentage, compression percentage and types of graphs have been used. In the next step, the data were analyzed using inferential statistics and the research hypotheses were tested using the T-test and Wilcoxon t-test.Geographical area of research: The study area is God Gap accmmodation center in Shiraz.

The results show that nomadic settlement increases agricultural employment, sharply reduces the number of livestock and livestock income, improves vegetation, improves access to welfare services, improves literacy, increases the importance of women's participation in domestic work and industry. Manpower and its reduction in the livestock and agriculture sectors, increasing the desire of women to study and participate in society and reducing the birth rate and death rate have been settled in the center. In general, the implementation of the housing plan has improved the economic and social situation of displaced households.

In general, the final results of the study showed that the implementation of the housing plan has improved the economic and social situation of settled households.

Today, cooperation is a suitable lever for empowerment and economic and social development of the city and can be effective in the optimal use of living conditions, work, production and promotion of income and social status of society. The experience of developed countries shows that cooperatives are the best organizations that have been able to provide a gathering place for scattered and dispersed forces, and at the same time with talent and motivation.

Purpose of the research: 

The aim of this study was to identify environmental empowerment strategies to achieve urban development in Hamadan province through survey research.

The questionnaire was the most important data collection tool in the present study, the validity of which was confirmed by technical experts, and to assess its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated, which averaged 0.85. The statistical methods and techniques used in this study included descriptive and analytical methods that were performed in the form of SPSS statistical software.

Geographical area of research:

 The statistical population of the study is 70 members of the board of directors of poultry cooperatives in Hamadan province.

Using factor analysis techniques, strategies for empowering poultry cooperatives in four general categories, including "reform of support systems," "empowerment of cooperative managers," "development of education and research" and "reform of production and consumption structure." Were categorized as a total of 56% of the variance changes explained the variables related to the empowerment strategies of poultry cooperatives.

Therefore, based on the research findings, recommendations have been made for reforming and strengthening support systems, cooperative management, production and marketing system management, and improving productivity.

Introduction:

 Understanding nomadic communities in terms of capabilities, facilities, limitations and bottlenecks and how they interact is one of the necessities of sustainable development planning.

The aim of this study is to identify biological patterns in the framework of sustainable living approach, to compare the five human, social, physical, financial and natural livelihoods available to these biological patterns.

Using a modified Cochran's formula, 126 households were determined as the sample size. Data collection was done in the form of documents and surveys using interviews and questionnaires. Student-T-test was used to analyze the data in Spss23 software environment.

The nomads of Mallard city in Tehran province, in Akhtarabad rural area of Safadasht district, have been established. Results and discussion The biological patterns of Mallard County nomads are in two forms. One group of nomads is settled and the other group is semi-nomadic. 

Conclusion:

 The results showed that the average human capital index in the settled nomadic group was 3.45 and semi-nomadic nomads was 3.40. On the other hand, the social capital index in the semi-nomadic nomadic group with a value of 3.76 was higher than that of the settled nomads with a value of 3.18. The physical capital index was 3.83 and 2.98 in the group of settled and semi-nomadic tribes, respectively. The financial capital in the group of settled nomads was 3.97 and semi-nomadic nomads was 2.98. The average natural capital in these two groups was very small and was 1.22 and 1.42 in the settled nomadic group and semi-small in the nomadic group; Therefore, it can be said that the average social and natural capital of semi-nomadic tribes has been high. In addition, the total subsistence assets of the settled and semi-displaced nomads were 3.13 and 2.91, respectively.

Introduction :

The objective and conceptual developments of tourism in the present age have created the necessities of spatial development and internal and external relations of geographical territories that are reminiscent of the reflection of tradition in modernity. Meanwhile, the spatial development of rural areas, whose dominant social spaces include the nomadic territories of Iran, are of special importance in the development of postmodern tourism.

Purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial development of rural heritage and tourism destinations in Khorramabad city, which is one of the most important nomadic territories of Iran.

Methodology :

 The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this study consists of three main groups (315 villagers living in 14 selected villages of the region (by stratified random sampling), tourism experts in the province (30 people) and available tourists (30 people)) They gave. Finally, from the total of three statistical populations, 375 people were selected as the sample size. To collect the data, field methods and a questionnaire were used, the reliability of which was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test for three components affecting the spatial development of rural heritage of tourist destinations, which indicated the appropriateness of the research tool. Dispersion coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data in SPSS20 software environment and ArcGIS software was used to draw the maps. Geographical area of research Tourism destinations in rural areas of Khorramabad city (Papi district) which relied mainly on ecotourism.

Results and discussion:

 The findings showed that the most important components and key criteria affecting the distribution of the spatial structure of rural heritage are the destinations, quantity and quality of tourism resources and attractions, and the spatial-spatial status of tourist attractions. The study of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all independent variables (except social acceptance, physical dimension, spatial dimensions) with the spatial development of rural heritage of tourist destinations.

Conclusion:

 Since the villages of Gaza and Bisheh had the highest number of variables affecting the spatial development of rural heritage tourist destinations in Khorramabad, it is suggested that if invested in appropriate services and facilities, these settlements can be used in a wider range of services. Be used.

Introduction:

 Tourism is expanding in the form of various spatial patterns, of which nomadic tourism is one. Tourism development in any spatial pattern can have its own effects and consequences. Due to its nomadic diversity, Iran has a significant capacity for tourism development.

Purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of tourism development effects in Bakhtiari nomads.

Methodology :

The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose, except for quantitative-in-depth research. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific and executive people (experts) related to the subject. Due to the fact that accurate statistics from the statistical community are not available, the sample size is 200 scientists and executives. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was performed by elites and its reliability was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. Sampling was also done purposefully.Geographical area of research The geographical territory of the research consists of the region covered by Bakhtiari tribes including Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Khuzestan and Isfahan provinces.

Results and discussion :

The results shows that the three economic, socio-cultural and environmental indicators are significant at the level of less than 0.05. The difference between the average economic index (1.28) and social index (1.24) shows that the impact of tourism in terms of these two indicators in the nomadic community can be positive, but in terms of environmental index (-1.101), the type Its effect is negative. The regression result also confirmed that tourism development can be 42% effective in upgrading the existing nomadic capacities. Pearson correlation also indicates the existence of a significant relationship between economic, social and environmental indicators of tourism, which according to the correlation coefficient, there is a positive and direct relationship between economic and social indicators.

Conclusion :

The result indicates the existence of a relationship between tourism development and the promotion of nomadic capacities. Tourism development can lead to the improvement of some development indicators in the nomadic community. What is important in this regard is optimal management in order to reduce the environmental effects of tourism on the ecology of Bakhtiari nomads.

Introduction :

The nomadic productive system and social life face many challenges and problems, including the phenomenon of drought, including reducing the vulnerability of nomadic communities by increasing the level of resilience and promoting resilience to natural consequences. Drought can be one of the characteristics of management, planning and development that is possible through social capital.

the present study aimed to investigate the components of social capital in strengthening the resilience of nomadic families against drought in Neyshabur.

Methodology:

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population is the number of nomadic households in the city, which was determined based on random sampling of 217 households. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software, FARAS and BMW models were used.Geographical area of research The statistical population is the number of nomadic households in the city, which was determined based on random sampling of 217 households.

Results and discussion :

The results showed that among the components of resilience, readiness with a value of 0.479 and reaction with a value of 0.331 had the highest and lowest values. Also, based on the information, it was found that the rate of literacy is among the nomadic families with a rate of 51.61, among the components of social capital, social trust with a value of 0.498, and membership in Social groups with the value of 0.389, have the highest and lowest values. Also, based on the obtained information, it was determined that the amount of social capital among nomadic families in the face of drought is at a moderate level (45.16). Finally, the results of regression analysis and path analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between the component of social capital and strengthening the resilience of nomadic families against drought, so that the most affected by social capital in the component of readiness to consult with experts. Agriculture, in the component of responding to the item of cultivation of livestock products, in the component of rehabilitation and reconstruction to the item of insuring their livestock, in the component of prevention, was assigned to the item of combining indigenous and modern knowledge in the field of drought.

Conclusion:

 Finally, in a final summary, it can be said that the components of social capital have a positive and significant effect on strengthening the resilience of nomadic families against the drought in Neyshabur.

Introduction:

 Nomadic life is inspired by the patterns of nature that have played an important role in the history of culture and economy of our country. But regarding the problems and hardships of life in these communities, today the attention to growth and development in recent years in our country, this issue has spread to the nomadic community. Provision and development of basic services has been one of the most important activities in this regard. However, it seems that despite the development of these activities by the organizations in charge of the nomadic community, these activities are still young and more appropriate study and planning is needed.

Purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of services provided to the nomads of Dizab summer region in Chorzeq rural district.

Methodology:

 Applied research was descriptive in terms of variables and field in terms of data collection method. Due to cost and time constraints, sampling was used to select research samples and 102 people were selected as the sample. The analysis method was based on SERVQUAL model.Geographical area of research Dizab summer region in Chavarzagh rural district (Zanjan province) was the geographical area of research. This village is the only area where nomadic groups are located in Tarom city and they migrate seasonally in the summer pastures of its mountainous areas with their livestock.

Results and discussion:

 The studied tribes have different importance, perceptions and expectations regarding the quality of service delivery. According to them, understanding the problems and conditions of nomadic people, the variety of services provided and ensuring the proper distribution of services are the most important indicators of the quality of service delivery. Most of their expectations are from the quality of service delivery in tangible and empathetic dimensions, which is mostly in the number of services, and the appropriate cooperation of service organizations with large tribal people. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between the gender and age of nomads and their perceptions and expectations of the quality of services.

Conclusion :

The impact of policies and executive plans on the nomadic community, of which service delivery is one of these programs and policies, will become apparent if all planning and implementation is done with the full priority of their needs and adequate resources. To reduce the problems of these communities and to avoid migration and destruction of their productive potentials.

Introduction:

 Knowledge is the cornerstone of development; Indigenous knowledge is a part of the national capital of any ethnic group, which includes their local beliefs, values ​​and consciousness, and is the result of centuries of trial and error in the natural and social environment, which has been inherited from generation to generation. Building indigenous capacities is a vital aspect of sustainable development. In recent years, the use of advanced technologies has caused environmental problems and economic crises in the production process; In this regard, knowledge of indigenous knowledge and traditional methods of production and knowledge of current knowledge will play a key role in achieving sustainable development indicators.

Purpose of the research:

 The general purpose of this study is to introduce the indigenous knowledge of the nomadic tribes of Mamasani tribe in activities such as rangeland management and how the nomads use the "environment" from the perspective; Nomadic housing and settlements, processing of non-dairy products, traditional veterinary medicine and methods of controlling livestock pests and diseases.

Methodology :

The present survey research is the result of an extensive study that has been carried out with a qualitative approach and using a variety of techniques including direct observation, in-depth interviews and participatory observation of a small part of the complex systems of indigenous knowledge of nomadic tribes Mamasani ( Depict nomadic housing, non-dairy and indigenous veterinary products).Geographical area of research The nomadic tribes of Fars province in the form of groups consisting of three large Qashqai, Khamseh, Mamasani and eight independent tribes. The geographical territory of the present study is the Mamasani tribes. At present, Illar Mamasani includes 4 tribes: Javid (Javi), Rostam, Bekesh and Ziari enemy.

Results and discussion :

The research findings show that the indigenous knowledge of nomads through grazing management has led to the sustainability of rangeland plants, which will lead to the preservation of the environment and ultimately lead to sustainable development. One of their techniques for regenerating pastures is to first use low quality downstream pastures for livestock and then allow them to consume upstream pastures. Also, the nomadic housing called Siah-Chador (Behun), which borrows all its parts and components from nature and its shape and structure are compatible with nature, plays an important role in sustainable development due to local factors.

Conclusion:

 Finally, many methods Indigenous veterinary medicine can be considered as a biotechnology that is less dangerous than synthetic-commercial drugs, which include "in vitro" and "in vitro" methods.

Introduction :

Miandar region is located at a distance of 3 km from Gilangharb city. This region is located at 45 degrees and 51 minutes to 46 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude and 33 degrees and 49 minutes latitude to 34 degrees and 28 minutes north. The average annual rainfall is 384 mm and the altitude of the region is 810 meters above sea level.

Purpose of the research:

 The purpose of this study was floristic and plant geography of Miandar region in Gilan-e-Gharb city.

Methodology :

After preparing the map (scale: 1: 25000) and viewing the photos and determining the geographical area, the plants were collected in late winter and all the months of spring and summer 2011. The collected samples were dried according to the conventional method and attached to the cardboard of each barium. Samples of each barium were identified and placed in Payam-e-Noor University of Gilan-e-Gharb each time.

Geographical area of research: 

The purpose of this study was to study the floristics and plant geography of Miandar region in Gilangharb County.

The plant collection of this region is 229 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 148 genera. Asteraceae (33 species, 14.41%), papilionaceae (22 species, 9.6%) poaceae (19 species) , 8.3%) Apiaceae (16 species, 6.99%), Lamiaceae (15 species, 6.55%) and Liliaceae (12 species, 5.24%) are the most important plant genera in the region, which in total 51.9% of the total Species are included. The largest plant species in the study area are Astraglus (10 species), Silene (5 species), Euphorbia (5 species). In terms of biological form, 40.6% of the species are hemicryptophytes, 35.38% are therophytes, 11.36% are cryptophytes, 8.3% are phanrophytes, 3.94% are kamphites and 0.44% are geophytes.

The geographical distribution of the flora of the region showed that the highest geographical distribution is related to the Iranian-Turanian region with 122 species (53.27%) and Iranian-Turanian / Mediterranean with 34 species (14.85%). Keyword: FLORA,